{"id":2268,"date":"2020-06-02T09:15:35","date_gmt":"2020-06-02T09:15:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.psbernard.com\/le-col-a-travers-les-ages\/"},"modified":"2023-06-05T12:30:25","modified_gmt":"2023-06-05T12:30:25","slug":"le-col-a-travers-les-ages","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.psbernard.com\/en\/le-col-a-travers-les-ages\/","title":{"rendered":"The Pass through the ages"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row css_animation=”” row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” angled_section=”no” text_align=”left” background_image_as_pattern=”without_pattern”][vc_column][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”” row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” angled_section=”no” text_align=”left” background_image_as_pattern=”without_pattern”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

A place marked by history<\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]Since antiquity, the pass has seen a large number of travellers!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Already the ancient populations salasses<\/strong> (from the Aosta Valley) and ceutrones (from Tarentaise), at the origin of pastoralism, gathered in this place and would have raised a Cromlech<\/span>, a curious stone circle 70 m in diameter<\/strong>, straddling the border today.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Romans<\/strong> built a way<\/strong> there, worshiped Jupiter, erecting a column<\/strong>, surmounted by a statue of the god, they built a first inn<\/strong>: La Mansio<\/span>. Hannibal and his troops would have crossed this pass.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”693″ img_size=”large” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” onclick=”link_image” qode_css_animation=”element_from_bottom” qode_hover_animation=”zoom_in”][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”” row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” angled_section=”no” text_align=”left” background_image_as_pattern=”without_pattern”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”720″ img_size=”large” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” onclick=”link_image” qode_css_animation=”element_from_bottom” qode_hover_animation=”zoom_in”][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”719″ img_size=”large” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” onclick=”link_image” qode_css_animation=”element_from_bottom” qode_hover_animation=”zoom_in”][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”” row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” angled_section=”no” text_align=”left” background_image_as_pattern=”without_pattern”][vc_column][vc_column_text]In the High Middle Ages, Saint Bernard de Menthon<\/strong> had a hospice<\/strong> built there to welcome travellers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Petit-Saint-Bernard was the scene of the Franco-Savoyard wars<\/strong>, from Louis XIV to the Revolution. It was also the site of the “Hundred Hours War”<\/strong> in 1940 and the last battles on national soil during the Liberation, in 1944-1945.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Today, the pass has become a tourist passage<\/strong> with multiple attractions: discovery of archaeological remains or <\/span><\/span>historical<\/span> and old legends; summer excursions<\/strong> through mountain pastures, rocks and glaciers; Downhill skiing<\/strong> and cross-country skiing in the two adjoining stations<\/strong> that make up the Espace San Bernardo<\/strong>: La Thuile and La Rosi\u00e8re de Montvalezan.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”” row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” angled_section=”no” text_align=”left” background_image_as_pattern=”without_pattern”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”721″ img_size=”large” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” onclick=”link_image” qode_css_animation=”element_from_bottom” qode_hover_animation=”zoom_in”][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

From the imperial way to the national road<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

    \n
  • The ancient Roman road<\/span> dates from 2 AD, it was maintained on its route until 1866, passing through St Germain on the right bank of the recluse . There were many exchanges on this route: livestock<\/strong>, goods<\/strong> (including active contraband), immigrants<\/strong>, seasonal workers<\/strong>, peddlers and craftsmen<\/strong>, ch\u00e2telains<\/strong> (transported by porters<\/span> inhabitants of St Germain), military troops\u2026< \/li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    • 1853: a road project<\/strong> on the French side is determined: Ribbon 6m wide, maximum slope of 6% to accommodate the passage of stagecoaches<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      • 1858: the S\u00e9ez-La Rosi\u00e8re section is completed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”” row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” angled_section=”no” text_align=”left” background_image_as_pattern=”without_pattern”][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”729″ img_size=”large” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” onclick=”link_image” qode_css_animation=”element_from_bottom” qode_hover_animation=”zoom_in”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

          \n
        • 1866: the road on the French side is completed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

           <\/p>\n

            \n
          • 1873: the road completed on the Italian side.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

             <\/p>\n

              \n
            • 1897: F\u00e9lix Faure inaugurates the RN 90.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

               <\/p>\n

                \n
              • July 14, 1905: the Count of Menthon crossed the pass in a vehicle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]It was only with the development of the automobile that the new road flourished: 52,000 vehicles<\/strong> passed through it in 1960<\/strong>.
                \nThis road, open from the beginning of June to the end of October, allows the junction of the 2 regions and allows the pass to be an attractive place for summer tourism<\/strong>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”734″ img_size=”large” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” onclick=”link_image” qode_css_animation=”element_from_bottom” qode_hover_animation=”zoom_in”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”” row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” angled_section=”no” text_align=”left” background_image_as_pattern=”without_pattern”][vc_column][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”” row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” angled_section=”no” text_align=”left” background_image_as_pattern=”without_pattern”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

                Shifts of the border over time<\/h2>\n

                [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • until 1725: limit between Ceutron and Salassian peoples<\/strong>, it is the limit of division<\/strong> of the waters, of 2 peoples, of 2 mountain communities <\/strong> who share mountain pastures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • 1725: new pastoral border<\/strong>, defined following a judgment which moved the border on the French side to halfway between the hospice and the Joux column.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                     <\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • 1797: French Revolution<\/strong>, a temporary border is set up (contradictions in the book)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                       <\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • 1814: restoration of the duchies of Savoy and Aosta. We return to the 1725 border.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • 1861: Savoy was attached to France<\/strong> in 1860. The customs<\/strong> buildings were set up. Napoleon III concedes a strip of land with the hospice and its outbuildings on the territory destined to become Italian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                           <\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • 1947: restoration of the border<\/strong> on the watershed line, after some detailed negotiations between elected officials on both sides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_empty_space height=”16px”][vc_single_image image=”723″ img_size=”420×600″ add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center” onclick=”link_image” qode_css_animation=”element_from_bottom” qode_hover_animation=”zoom_in”][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”” row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” angled_section=”no” text_align=”left” background_image_as_pattern=”without_pattern”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

                            Friendships between residents<\/h2>\n

                            [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]Little St Bernard closely unites 2 valleys<\/strong> sisters, Valley of Aosta and Tarentaise<\/span>, and 2 peoples<\/strong> brothers from Salasses and Ceutrons<\/strong>. A history of almost 2000 years<\/strong> united the 2 peoples. On one side or the other, the inhabitants like to cross the pass in summer<\/strong> to get away from it all or to visit their families.<\/p>\n

                            The French language<\/strong>, which was the language of the Valdotains<\/strong> before the Second World War, is still widely spoken in Val d’Aoste<\/strong>, and constitutes for them a pride<\/strong> and a symbol<\/strong> of their autonomy<\/strong>.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            [vc_row css_animation=”” row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” angled_section=”no” text_align=”left” background_image_as_pattern=”without_pattern”][vc_column][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=”” row_type=”row” use_row_as_full_screen_section=”no” type=”full_width” angled_section=”no” text_align=”left” background_image_as_pattern=”without_pattern”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text] A place marked by history [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]Since antiquity, the pass has seen a large number of travellers!   Already the ancient populations salasses (from the Aosta Valley) and ceutrones (from…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2268","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psbernard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psbernard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psbernard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.psbernard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.psbernard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2268"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.psbernard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2273,"href":"https:\/\/www.psbernard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2268\/revisions\/2273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psbernard.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}